Introduction to Typescript

Installing basic repositories

mkdir my-express-ts-app && cd my-express-ts-app
npm init -y
npm install express
npm install typescript ts-node @types/node @types/express --save-dev
npm install nodemon --save-dev

NOTE: nodemon simplifies the development by restarting dev server (to apply changes) on any code modification (= there is no need to restart dev server).

Project's configuration

Typescript uses following files structure:

my-express-ts-app
├── node_modules
├── src
│   └── index.ts
├── package.json
├── tsconfig.json
└── .gitignore

• Create tsconfig.json file with following content:

  {
    "compilerOptions": {
      "target": "ES6",
      "module": "commonjs",
      "strict": true,
      "esModuleInterop": true,
      "skipLibCheck": true,
      "outDir": "./dist"
    },
    "include": ["src/**/*"],
    "exclude": ["node_modules"]
  }

• Create .gitignore file with following content:

  node_modules
  dist

  Note: dist directory is dedicated for compiled javascript files. It will be created with a first compilation.

• Modify scripts at package.json to the following:

  "scripts": {
      "build": "tsc",
      "start": "node dist/index.js",
      "dev": "npx nodemon --watch src --exec "npx ts-node src/index.ts""
    },

  devDependencies should look as follow:

  "devDependencies": {
      "@types/express": "^4.17.21",
      "@types/node": "^20.14.10",
      "nodemon":"^3.1.4",
      "ts-node": "^10.9.2",
      "typescript": "^5.5.3"
    }

Writing a sample application

Create src/index.tx file and copy following code into it:

import express, { Request, Response } from 'express';

const app = express();
const port = 3000;

app.get('/', (req: Request, res: Response) => {
  res.send('Hello World, This is TypeScript sample with Express!');
});

app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log("Server is running at http://localhost:${port}");
});

Running the application for development

npm run dev

Compiling the application for production

npm run build
npm start